Laboratory at UT Southwestern:

41. Sakiyama, H., Wynn, R.M., Lee, W.-R., Fukasawa, M., Mizuguchi, H., Gardner, K.H., Repa, J.J and Uyeda, K. (2008) Regulation of nuclear import/export of ChREBP: Interaction of an α-helix of ChREBP with the 14-3-3 proteins and regulation by phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem., in press. ( Abstract and full text )

40. Yao, X., Rosen, M.K. and Gardner K.H. (2008) Estimation of the available free energy in a LOV2-Jα photoswitch. Nature Chem. Biol., 4: 491-497. ( Abstract and full text / News & Views by Vendruscolo )

39. Lee, J., Tomchick, D.R., Brautigam, C.A., Machius, M., Kort, R., Hellingwerf, K.J. and Gardner, K.H. (2008) Changes at the KinA PAS-A dimerization interface influence histidine kinase function. Biochemistry, 47: 4051-4064. ( Abstract and full text / Hot Article - Biochemistry )

38. Kajimura, J., Rahman, A., Hsu, J., Evans, M.R., Gardner, K.H. and Rick, P.D. (2006) O-acetylation of the enterobacterial common antigen polysaccharide is catalyzed by the product of the yiaH gene of Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriology, 188: 7542-7550. ( Abstract and full text )

37. Colbert, C., Wu, Q., Erbel, P.J.A., Gardner, K.H. and Deisenhofer, J. (2006) Mechanism of substrate specificity in Bacillus subtilis ResA, a thioredoxin-like protein involved in cytochrome c maturation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103: 4410-4415. ( Abstract and full text )

36. Yang, J., Zhang, L., Erbel, P.J.A., Gardner, K.H., Ding, K.M., Garcia, J.A. and Bruick, R.K. (2005) Functions of the Per/ARNT/Sim (PAS) domains of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). J. Biol. Chem., 280: 36047-36054. ( Abstract and full text )

35. Card, P.B., Erbel, P.J.A. and Gardner, K.H. (2005) Structural basis of ARNT PAS-B dimerization: Use of a common beta-sheet interface for hetero- and homodimerization. J. Mol. Biol., 353: 664-677. ( Abstract and full text )

34. Socolich, M., Lockless, S.W., Russ, W.P., Lee, H., Gardner, K.H. and Ranganathan, R. (2005) Evolutionary information for specifying a protein fold. Nature, 437: 512-518. ( Abstract and full text )

33. Jung, A., Domratcheva, T., Tarutina, M., Wu, Q., Ko, W.-H., Shoeman, R.L., Gomelsky, M., Gardner, K.H. and Schlichting, I. (2005) Structure of a bacterial BLUF photoreceptor: Insights into blue light-mediated signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102: 12350-12355. ( Abstract and full text )

32. Best, J.L., Amezcua, C.A., Mayr, B., Flechner, L., Murawsky, C.M., Emerson, B., Zor., T., Gardner, K.H. and Montminy, M. (2004) Identification of small-molecule antagonists that inhibit an activator:coactivator interaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101: 17622-17627. ( Abstract and full text )

31. Harper, S.M., Christie, J.M. and Gardner, K.H. (2004) Disruption of the LOV-Jα helix interaction activates phototropin kinase activity. Biochemistry, 43: 16184-16192. ( Abstract and full text )

30. Erbel, P.J.A., Seidel, R., Macintosh, S.E., Gentile, L.N, Amor, J.C., Kahn, R.A., Prestegard, J.H., McIntosh, L.P. and Gardner, K.H. (2004) Cyclic enterobacterial common antigen: Potential contaminant of bacterially expressed protein preparations. J. Biomol. NMR, 29: 199-204. ( Abstract and full text )

29. Harper, S.M., Neil, L.C., Day, I.J., Hore, P.J. and Gardner, K.H. (2004) Conformational changes in a photosensory LOV domain monitored by time-resolved NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126: 3390-3391. ( Abstract and full text )

28. Erbel, P.J.A., Card, P.B., Karakuzu, O., Bruick, R.K. and Gardner, K.H. (2003) Structural basis for PAS domain heterodimerization in the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100: 15504-15509. ( Abstract and full text )

27. Harper, S.M., Neil, L.C. and Gardner, K.H. (2003) Structural basis of a phototropin light switch. Science, 301: 1541-1544. ( Abstract and full text ) (reviewed at Faculty of 1000 [M. Liscum], impact factor of 9.0)

26. Erbel, P.J.A., Barr, K., Gao, N., Gerwig, G., Rick, P.D. and Gardner, K.H. (2003) Identification and biosynthesis of cyclic enterobacterial common antigen in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriology, 185: 1995-2004. ( Abstract and full text )

25. Amezcua, C.A., Harper, S.M., Rutter, J. and Gardner, K.H. (2002) Structure and interactions of PAS kinase N-terminal PAS domain: model for intramolecular kinase regulation. Structure, 10: 1349-1361. ( Abstract and full text ) (reviewed in Chemistry and Biology [Getzoff] and Cell [Wilson and Roach])

24. Xiao, T., Gardner, K.H. and Sprang, S.R. (2002) Cosolvent-induced transformation of a death domain tertiary structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 99: 11151-11156. ( Abstract and full text )

23. He, Q., Cheng, P., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Gardner, K.H. and Liu, Y. (2002) White collar-1, a DNA binding transcription and a light sensor. Science, 297: 840-843. ( Abstract and full text ) (reviewed in Science [Linden])

22. Cheng, P., Yang, Y., Gardner, K.H. and Liu, Y. (2002) PAS domain-mediated WC-1/WC-2 interaction is essential for maintaining the steady-state level of WC-1 and the function of both proteins in circadian clock and light responses in Neurospora. Molec. Cell. Biol., 22: 517-524. ( Abstract and full text )

21. Holdeman, T.C. and Gardner, K.H. (2001) ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N chemical shift assignments of the N-terminal PAS domain of mNPAS2. J. Biomol. NMR, 21: 383-384. ( Abstract and full text )

20. Usher, K.C., Ozkan, E., Gardner, K.H. and Deisenhofer, J. (2001) The plug domain of FepA, a TonB-dependent transport protein from Escherichia coli, binds its siderophore in the absence of the transmembrane barrel domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 98: 10676-10681. ( Abstract and full text )

19. Rutter, J., Michnoff, C.H., Harper, S.M., Gardner, K.H. and McKnight, S.L. (2001) PAS kinase: an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase regulated in cis by PAS domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 98: 8991-8996. ( Abstract and full text )

KG postdoctoral work, University of Toronto:

18. Goto, N.K., Gardner, K.H., Mueller, G.A., Willis, R.C. and Kay, L.E. (1999) A robust and cost-effective method for the production of Val, Leu, Ile (d1) methyl-protonated ¹⁵N-, ¹³C-, ²H-labeled proteins. J. Biomol. NMR, 13: 369-374. (Abstract and full text)

17. Gardner, K.H., Zhang, X., Gehring, K. and Kay, L.E. (1998) Solution NMR studies of a 42 kDa maltose binding protein/b-cyclodextrin complex: chemical shift assignments and analysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: 11738-11748. ( Abstract and full text | Supporting information)

16. Zwahlen, C., Gardner, K.H., Sarma, S.P., Horita, D.A., Byrd, R.A. and Kay, L.E. (1998) An NMR experiment for measuring methyl-methyl NOEs in ¹³C labeled proteins with high resolution. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: 7617-7625. ( Abstract and full text )

15. Yang, D., Gardner, K.H. and Kay, L.E. (1998) A sensitive pulse scheme for measuring the backbone dihedral angle psi based on cross-correlation between ¹³Ca-¹Ha dipolar and carbonyl chemical shift anisotropy relaxation interactions. J. Biomol. NMR, 11: 213-220. (Abstract and full text)

14. Zwahlen, C., Vincent, S.J.F., Gardner, K.H. and Kay, L.E. (1998) Significantly improved resolution for NOE correlations from valine and isoleucine (Cg2) methyl groups in ¹⁵N, ¹³C and ¹⁵N, ¹³C, ²H labeled proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: 4825-4831. ( Abstract and full text )

13. Shan, X., Gardner, K.H., Muhandiram, D.R., Kay, L.E. and Arrowsmith, C.H. (1998) Subunit-specific backbone NMR assignments of a 64 kDa trp repressor/DNA complex: a role for N-terminal residues in tandem binding. J. Biomol. NMR, 11: 307-318. (Abstract and full text)

12. Gardner, K.H. and Kay, L.E. (1997) Production and incorporation of ¹⁵N, ¹³C, ²H (¹H d1 methyl) isoleucine into proteins for multidimensional NMR studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119: 7599-7600. ( Abstracts and full text | Supporting information )

11. Gardner, K.H., Rosen, M.K. and Kay, L.E. (1997) Global folds of highly deuterated, methyl-protonated proteins by multidimensional NMR. Biochemistry, 36: 1389-1401. ( Abstract and full text )

10. Gardner, K.H., Konrat, R., Rosen, M.K. and Kay, L.E. (1996) An (H)C(CO)NH- TOCSY pulse scheme for sequential assignment of protonated methyl groups in otherwise deuterated ¹⁵N, ¹³C labeled proteins. J. Biomol. NMR, 8: 351-356. (Abstract and full text)

9. Rosen, M.K., Gardner, K.H., Willis, R.C., Parris, W.E., Pawson, T. and Kay, L.E. (1996) Selective methyl protonation of perdeuterated proteins. J. Mol. Biol., 263: 627-636. ( Abstract and full text )

8. Shan, X., Gardner, K.H., Muhandiram, D.R., Rao, N.S., Arrowsmith, C.H. and Kay, L.E. (1996) Assignment of the ¹⁵N, ¹³Ca, ¹³Cb and HN resonances in an ¹⁵N, ¹³C, ²H labeled 64kDa trp repressor-operator complex using triple resonance NMR spectroscopy and ²H decoupling. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118: 6570-6579. ( Abstract and full text )

KG graduate work, Yale University:

7. Gardner, K.H., Anderson, S.F. and Coleman, J.E. (1995) Solution structure of the K. lactis LAC9 Cd₂Cys₆ DNA-binding domain. Nature Struct. Biol., 2: 898-905. ( Abstract and full text )

6. Schweitzer, B.I., Gardner, K.H. and Tucker-Kellogg, G. (1995) HeteroTOCSY-based experiments for measuring heteronuclear relaxation in nucleic acids and proteins. J. Biomol. NMR, 6: 180-188. ( Abstract and full text )

5. Klemba, M., Gardner, K.H., Marino, S., Clarke, N.D. and Regan, L. (1995) A novel family of designed metal-binding proteins. Nature Struct. Biol., 2: 368-373. (addendum and correction: NSB 2: 912). ( Abstract and full text )

4. Gardner, K.H. and Coleman, J.E. (1994) ¹¹³Cd-¹H heteroTOCSY: a method for determining metal-protein connectivities. J. Biomol. NMR 4: 761-774. ( Abstract and full text )

3. Schweitzer, B.I., Mikita, T., Kellogg, G.W., Gardner, K.H. and Beardsley, G.P. (1994) Solution structure of a DNA dodecamer containing the anti-neoplastic agent arabinosylcytosine: combined use of NMR, restrained molecular dynamics and full relaxation matrix refinement. Biochemistry 33: 11460-11475. ( Abstract | PDF )

2. Gardner, K.H., Pan, T., Narula, S., Rivera, E. and Coleman, J.E. (1991) Structure of the binuclear metal-binding site in the GAL4 transcription factor. Biochemistry 30: 11292-11302. ( Abstract | PDF )

1. Sekiguchi, J.M., Cole, A.D., Gardner K.H. and Kmiec, E.B. (1990) Transcription factor TFIIIA stimulates DNA supercoiling promoted by a fractionated cell-free extract from Xenopus laevis. Eur. J. Biochem. 192: 311-320. ( Abstract and full text )

Reviews:

8. Gardner, K.H. (2008) Molecular biophysics at UT Southwestern Medical Center: Strength through breadth. Biopolymers, 89: 244-247. ( Abstract and full text )

7. Ko, W.-H., Nash, A.I. and Gardner, K.H. (2007) A LOVely view of blue light photosensing. Nat. Chem. Biol., 3: 372-374. ( Abstract and full text )

6. Scheuermann, T.H., Yang, J., Zhang, L., Gardner, K.H. and Bruick, R.K. (2007) Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Per/ARNT/Sim Domains: Structure and Function. Meth. Enz., 435: 3-24. ( Abstract and full text )

5. Gardner, K.H. and Montminy, M.. (2005) Can you hear me now? Regulating transcriptional activators by phosphorylation. Science STKE, 2005: pe44. ( Abstract and full text )

4. Card, P.B. and Gardner, K.H. (2005) Identification and optimization of protein domains for NMR studies. Meth. Enz., 394: 3-16. ( Abstract and full text )

3. Gardner, K.H. and Kay, L.E. (1998) The use of ²H,¹³C,¹⁵N multidimensional NMR to study the structure and dynamics of proteins. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 27: 357-406. ( Abstract and full text )

2. Kay, L.E. and Gardner, K.H. (1997) Solution NMR spectroscopy beyond 25 kDa. Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 7: 722-731. ( Abstract and full text )

1. Hardy, B.J., Doughty, S., Parretti, M., Tennison, J., Finn, B. and Gardner, K.H. (1997) Internet conferences in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prog. NMR. Spec., 31: 107-117. ( Abstract and full text )